American Literature IReadings for English 2327

Unit I: Discovery and Colonization

Raven Steals the Light

Tlingit tradition, told by Dekināˊkǃᵘ and recorded by John R. Swanton · 1909

Peoples of the Northwest Coast, among them the Haida and the Tlingit, tell many versions of how Raven brought light into the world. The best-known retelling today, by the Haida artist Bill Reid and the poet Robert Bringhurst (1984), is still under copyright. This version was told at Sitka, Alaska, in 1904 by Dekināˊkǃᵘ, whom Swanton describes as “an old man of the Box-house people,” and Swanton printed it in Tlingit Myths and Texts (1909). It is the opening of Swanton’s long story “Raven.” The words in square brackets are Swanton’s. Text: John R. Swanton, Tlingit Myths and Texts, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 39 (1909).

1No one knows just how the story of Raven really begins, so each starts from the point where he does know it. Here it was always begun in this way. Raven was first called Kit-kaˊositiyi-qā-yīt (“Son of Kit-kaˊositiyi-qā”). When his son was born, Kit-kaˊositiyi-qā tried to instruct him and train him in every way and, after he grew up, told him he would give him strength to make a world. After trying in all sorts of ways Raven finally succeeded. Then there was no light in this world, but it was told him that far up the Nass was a large house in which some one kept light just for himself.

2Raven thought over all kinds of plans for getting this light into the world and finally he hit on a good one. The rich man living there had a daughter, and he thought, “I will make myself very small and drop into the water in the form of a small piece of dirt.” The girl swallowed this dirt and became pregnant. When her time was completed, they made a hole for her, as was customary, in which she was to bring forth, and lined it with rich furs of all sorts. But the child did not wish to be born on those fine things. Then its grandfather felt sad and said, “What do you think it would be best to put into that hole? Shall we put in moss?” So they put moss inside and the baby was born on it. Its eyes were very bright and moved around rapidly.

3Round bundles of varying shapes and sizes hung about on the walls of the house. When the child became a little larger it crawled around back of the people weeping continually, and as it cried it pointed to the bundles. This lasted many days. Then its grandfather said, “Give my grandchild what he is crying for. Give him that one hanging on the end. That is the bag of stars.” So the child played with this, rolling it about on the floor back of the people, until suddenly he let it go up through the smoke hole. It went straight up into the sky and the stars scattered out of it, arranging themselves as you now see them. That was what he went there for.

4Some time after this he began crying again, and he cried so much that it was thought he would die. Then his grandfather said, “Untie the next one and give it to him.” He played and played with it around behind his mother. After a while he let that go up through the smoke hole also, and there was the big moon.

5Now just one thing more remained, the box that held the daylight, and he cried for that. His eyes turned around and showed different colors, and the people began thinking that he must be something other than an ordinary baby. But it always happens that a grandfather loves his grandchild just as he does his own daughter, so the grandfather said, “Untie the last thing and give it to him.” His grandfather felt very sad when he gave this to him. When the child had this in his hands, he uttered the raven cry, “G̣ā,” and flew out with it through the smoke hole. Then the person from whom he had stolen it said, “That old manuring raven has gotten all of my things.”

[…]

6After this Raven went on again and came to a large town where were people who had never seen daylight. They were out catching eulachon in the darkness when he came to the bank opposite, and he asked them to take him across but they would not. Then he said to them, “If you don’t come over I will have daylight break on you.” But they answered, “Where are you from? Do you come from far up the Nass where lives the man who has daylight?” At this Raven opened his box just a little and shed so great a light on them that they were nearly thrown down. He shut it quickly, but they quarreled with him so much across the creek that he became angry and opened the box completely, when the sun flew up into the sky. Then those people who had sea-otter or fur-seal skins, or the skins of any other sea animals, went into the ocean, while those who had land-otter, bear, or marten skins, or the skins of any other land animals, went into the woods [becoming the animals whose skins they wore].

Cite this reading (MLA)

Swanton, John R., recorder. “Raven.” 1909. American Literature I: Readings, oer.drechols.prof/amlit/raven-steals-the-light/. Accessed day Month year.

Cite a passage by paragraph number, for example (par. 12). Each number in the margin links to its paragraph.